Questions about "tutorial problems"section and C++ libraries

[philinux]

Hello everybody, I have a few questions regarding your "tutorial problems" and C++ libraries.
(btw i've just started programming a few months ago)
First of all i have to say that iam currently learning with : learncpp.com at Chapter 8.13

I always try to find problems on the web to learn from. But my english isnt well enough or maybe just my understanding of programming(yet) that i cant understand what to do with your problems, i would realy love to try to solve them.
e.g.: spoj.pl/problems/LEXISORT/

I do not understand the setting of the tasks, what values should i work with? the ones in the example or totally random?
If Someone could PM me 1-2 Problems with their solution i maybe would understand how to read the problems on this page. Or just explain here in simple form in general.
(even if my skills are not that good enough, one day they are and then i would be here with the same question :S)

Although iam not that far in my learning yet, i want to ask you about C++ libraries, too; what types of other libraries are there? what can they help me with? On the Forums here is a thread "iostream is slow - dont use cin/cout" what does it mean in detail?(i want geeky facts!) what other options do i have to chose from? and how?

I Would love to have some answers, even if one can only answer one question iam happy with, as i do not know anyone IRL to help me.

Thanking you in anticipation
Looking forward to visit your page frequently as soon as iam able to solve your problems
Regards, philinux

P.S. the harder the challenge the higher the learning benefits

[leppyr64]

Every problem will have an input specification and an output specification. You can assume that the input will follow the input specification exactly, you do not have to verify this. You must follow the output specification.

The sample input is simply an example, it will not be the most difficult test case. Use you imagination and your understanding of the problem.

If you are looking for code you can start with the topic on "solution to TEST in C++"

Every problem has a timelimit. If you use cin/cout on a problem you will typically fail due to exceeding the timelimit. Use scanf/printf. Solve INTEST using cin and you will fail, use scanf and you won't. If you want real details on why, google is useful for that.

Start solving problems. If you have questions, search the forum, then make a post. Attempt the problems that many people have solved first, it means they're likely easier.

Have fun!